The process of evaluating the quality, performance, impact or other properties of a substance, product, or process.
Assessment
A symbolic data representing a boolean number.
BooleanData
A data representing a 8-bit integer number.
ByteData
A process that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language).
Computation
A software that performs a computation.
Gromacs is a computational tool that solves Newton's equations of motion.
ComputationalTool
Contrast from variation of properties that is encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule.
Data
A collection of (more than one) datum, published or curated by a single agent, and available for access or download in one or more representations.
Encoded data made of more than one datum.
Dataset
A symbolic data representing date. Format: YYYY-MM-DD (followed by an optional time zone offset, e.g. +01:00 for Central Europe).
DateData
A symbolic data representing datetime. Format: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss (followed by an optional time zone offset, e.g. +01:00 for Central Europe).
DateTimeData
Datum is the building block of datasets.
A self-consistent encoded data entity.
Datum
A collection of properties that depicts an object.
Description
A description is not atomic in the sense that it is made of more than one property.
A result of a model or software indicating whether an input is within the applicability domain of the model or software. Applicability domain refers to the range of conditions and limitations within which a model can be reliably applied. It is a critical factor in determining the accuracy and validity of a model, as it defines the scope of its predictions and identifies potential sources of uncertainty. The process of defining the applicability domain involves assessing the model's performance under different conditions and establishing the boundaries of its predictive capabilities.
DomainOfApplicabilityStatus
It should take one of the following values: ssbd:undefined; ssbd:outOfDomain; ssbd:inDomain.
A symbolic data representing a 64-bit floating point numbers incl. ±Inf, ±0, NaN.
DoubleData
A symbolic data representing a 32-bit floating point numbers incl. ±Inf, ±0, NaN.
FloatData
Descriptor
EndPoint
A property that provides information about the state of a system. It simplifies complex realities into measurable values that can guide decisions.
For a computation is an indicator a specific property/datum that is provided in the output.
Indicator
A precisely defined variable intended to reflect an outcome of interest that is statistically analyzed to address a particular research question. A precise definition of an endpoint typically specifies the type of assessments made, the timing of those assessments, the assessment tools used, and possibly other details, as applicable, such as how multiple assessments within an individual are to be combined. -- National Library of Medicine, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK338448/
Luciano Floridi, Information - A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press (2010) ISBN: 9780199551378
Data with meaning (semiotic sign).
Information
A data representing a 32-bit integer number.
IntData
A data representing an arbritrary sized integer number.
IntegerData
The agent that connects the sign to an entity in a semiotic (meaning-making) process.
A person (interpreter) that measures the length (sign) of an pencil (object).
Interpreter
A data representing a 64-bit integer number.
LongData
A process that has material as input and output.
MaterialProcess
An entity that possess mass and occupies volume.
Matter
From the definition it follows that matter is an object with fermionic parts.
The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. A more fundamental approach taken here, considers matter as entities that are made of quarks and leptons, without excluding particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. This definition also include antimatter.
An observation that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure.
Measurement
A useful simplified description of a selected part of the world.
Newton's law of motion is a model for how a body will move when subjected to forces. A mouse can be seen as a model for a human (e.g. in medicine). An architectural floor plan is a model of a house.
Model
A model is a sign that resembles or imitates an object, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure.
A symbolic data representing a numerical value.
NumericalData
Continuant
Endurant
An entity that has a temporal extension.
Object
Object individals will typically also be an individual of 'Matter'. However, when categorising something as an 'Object', the focus is on its existence (throughout one of more processes), while 'Matter' focuses on that it pocess mass and takes up volume and how it can further be categorised as
Object is the class of all individuals who's temporal parts are of the same type as the whole.
An object that participates to a process.
A student during an examination. The student exists both before and after the examination.
Participant
Mereologically participation means that the object is a spatial part of the process.
Occurent
Perdurant
An activity with temporal parts.
Process
The temporal parts of a process are not of the same type as the process itself.
A software that identify the affiliation of the target chemical(s) to preliminary defined categories (functional groups/alerts).
Profiler
The outcome of the profiling determines the most appropriate way to search for analogues, but they are also useful for preliminary screening or prioritization of substances.
An "atomic" sign that stands for a characteristic of an object that can be observed or detected in a semiotic process.
Property
A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object.
A software implementing a QSAR model.
QSARSoftware
xxx
ReliabilityDocument
SSbD Assessment
An assessment of the safety and sustainability of chemicals and materials across their life cycle. Assesses one or more ssbd dimension, through one ore more SSbDSpecifiedAssessments
SSbDAssessment
Safe and Sustainable by Design Dimension
Safe and sustainable by design (SSbD) can be described as an approach that focuses on providing a function (or service), while avoiding onerous environmental footprints and chemical properties that may be harmful to human health or the environment. In essence, the SSbD approach aims to identifying and minimizing, at an early phase of the innovation process, the impacts concerning safety for humans and the environment and for sustainability, minimizing the environmental footprint, in particular regarding climate change and resource use and, protecting ecosystems and biodiversity, taking a lifecycle perspective. The SSbD approach addresses the safety and sustainability of the material/ chemical/ product and associated processes along the whole life cycle, including all the steps of the research and development (R&D) phase, production, use, recycling, and disposal.
SSbDDimension
The superclass of all dimensions relevant for SSbD assessments.
A data representing a 16-bit integer number.
ShortData
A sign that stands for an entity.
Sign
A sign is a part of a triadic semiotic (meaning-making) process, where an 'interpreter' connects a 'sign' to an entity (called 'referent').
All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system.
Software
An assessment that is focused on a specific aspect or dimension of safety and sustainability, such as functionality, safety, or environmental impact.
SpecifiedAssessment
The class for entities which stands for a specific data format expressed using a symbolic encoding.
SymbolicData
Represent a tiered, iterative framework for evaluating chemical and material safety from early innovation to production.
TierLevel
This approach typically involves a three-tier system-ranging from qualitative, early-stage, in silico, and in vitro screening to, finally, advanced, quantitative, in vivo testing.
A symbolic data representing time. Format: hh:mm:ss (followed by an optional time zone offset, e.g. +01:00 for Central Europe).
TimeData
A descriptor for a substance to cause harmful health effects.
Toxicity
The helth effects can strike a single cell, a group of cells, an organ system, or the entire body. A toxic effect may be visible damage, or a decrease in performance or function measurable only by a test.
Toxicity is always related to a given measurement procedure. Hence, the user is expected to define spesific subclasses defining the measurement procedure that the toxicity is measured according to.
Relates an assessment to a SSbD dimension.
assesses
Relates an agent to an entity via an activity that both the agent and entity participates to.
attributed
The activity is through overlapped by the agent and overcrossed by the entity.
There may or may not be a causal interaction between the agent and entity.
The root of all causal SSbD relations.
causal
Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other.
A relation between an entity that causally affects the subject.
John yesterday is the cause of John today, is an example of temporal-like causality. The desk supporting my laptop is a space-like causality.
causedBy
Choose one of subclasses of ssbd:Matter.
Relates an entity to a chemical class that the entity is relevant for.
chemicalClass
The SSbD Core Ontology provides the semantic basis for safe and sustainability by design. The SSbD Core Ontology expands on the annotation schema provided by tripper, which again expands on the DCAT-AP.
SSbD Core Ontology
The SSbD Core Ontology has a modular structure and aims to cover the following features: * Allow to categorise resources (datasets, models, software, etc) according to their SSbD dimensions and categories/sub-categories. * Provenance, based on the [PROV-O](https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/) ontology. PROV-O is fully adapted by the SSbD Core Ontology, having the three top-level PROV-O classes, *Activity*, *Entity* and *Agent* in root. * Extension of the basic PROV-O provenance to complex scientific workflows with spatial and temporal parts. * Allow documentation of workflows that have not (yet) been executed. Such documentation is done at class-level. When executed individuals should be created for the evaluated activities and their input and output providing a full PROV-O provenance graph. * Top-level taxonomy for (advanced) materials and chemicals based on [EMMO](https://emmc.eu/emmo/) with mappings to [ChEBI](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/) for chemicals. * Categorisation models. * Strong taxonomy for relations, which are grouped into: - [parthood relations](https://ssbd-ontology.github.io/core/docs/background.html#parthood-relations), based on mereology - [causal relations](https://ssbd-ontology.github.io/core/docs/background.html#causal-relations), based on causality - [semiotic relations](https://ssbd-ontology.github.io/core/docs/background.html#semiotic-relations), based on [Pierse semiotics](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/peirce-semiotics/) Separate reference documentations exists for the following sub-modules: * [ddoc](https://ssbd-ontology.github.io/core/widoco-ddoc/index-en.html): The Tripper data documentation vocabulary, with terms reused from other ontologies and vocabularies. Mainly [Dublin Core](https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/), [FOAF](http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/) and similar basic vocabularies. * [reused-terms](https://ssbd-ontology.github.io/core/widoco-reused-terms/index-en.html): Additional reused terms by the SSbD Core Ontology ([DCAT](https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/), [PROV-O](https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/), etc). * [matter](https://ssbd-ontology.github.io/core/widoco-matter/index-en.html): Taxonomy for (advanced) materials and chemicals * [models](https://ssbd-ontology.github.io/core/widoco-models/index-en.html): Taxonomy for models. The root of the SSbD Core Ontology is shown below. More information can be found in the [background](https://ssbd-ontology.github.io/core/docs/background.html) section.
Relates a resource to a page or document documenting this resource.
documentation
The relation between two indeviduals representing the same entity.
The main purpose of this relation is to locically define hasProperPart.
equalsTo
Whether the software has an API.
hasAPI
Relates a data individual to its literal value.
hasDataValue
Relates a dataset to its datum.
hasDatum
Connects a thing to a description (i.e. collection of properties) of the thing.
hasDescription
Whether the software has a GUI.
hasGUI
Relates an activity to an entity that is input to the activity.
hasInput
The activity A proper overlaps the entity E, where the non-overlapping part of E causes A.
hasSpatioTemporalPart
The part is connected with the rest item or members with both hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations.
hasJunctionPart
Connects a property to its unit.
hasUnit
`ssbd:hasMeasurementUnit` is intended to refer to a unit in an existing unit ontology, like QUDT or EMMO.
Relates an activity to an entity that is the output of the activity.
hasOutput
The activity A proper overlaps the entity E, where the non-overlapping part of E is caused by A.
The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one.
hasPart
OWL2 does not allow non-simple (e.g. transitive) properties to appear in disjoint property axioms. We therefore implement the transitivity of hasPart using SWRL rules instead of asserting it with owl:TransitiveProperty.
The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself.
hasParticipant
Participation is a parthood relation - you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process.
The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct.
hasProperPart
Connects a thing to one of its properties.
hasProperty
hasSoftwareAgent
Relates a computation to the software used to perform the computation.
hasSoftware
A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval.
hasSpatialPart
The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasContact relations only (no hasNext).
The relation between a process and one of its process parts.
hasSubProcess
A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval.
hasTemporalPart
A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item.
Relates a software to the model it implements.
implementsModel
Semiotically a software can be seen as an executable sign that stands for the model it implements.
The input is within the valid domain.
inDomain
A one-directional relation between an entity that affects the subject.
isAfter
Connects a description to an entity.
isDescriptionOf
Connects a sign (e.g. a property) to an interpreter.
isInterpretedBy
The relation between an entity that overlaps another without having it as part.
isOvercrossedBy
Connects a property to an entity.
isPropertyOf
Connects an entity to a sign that stands for the entity.
isRepresentedBy
isSoftwareSubmoduleOf
A parthood relation that relates a submodule of a software to the software.
isSubmoduleOf
The relation between two individuals that does not share any parts.
nonOverlaps
The input is outside the valid doamin.
outOfDomain
The relation between two individuals representing entities that share at least one of their parts.
overlaps
The root of SSbD parthood relations.
parthood
The SSbD parthood relations adhere to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM).
Relation an entity to an activity that it interacts with.
participatesTo
The entity through overlaps the activity.
hasIntentionalAgent
Relates an activity to an intentional agent that drives the process.
performedBy
hasUnintentionalAgent
Relates an activity to an unintentional agent that drives the process.
performedWith
Direct relation that relates a software to the most resent earlier release of the software.
priorRelease
Useful for tracking the provenance of software releases.
Indirect relation that relates the output of an activity to its input.
processedFrom
The base of all semiotic relations.
semiotical
Semiotic relations can be seen as shortcuts that replaces a series of complex causal relations with a single relation.
Semiotic relations take part in a triadic semiotic meaning-making process, where an 'interpreter' connects a 'sign' (e.g. a property) to an entity (called 'referent').
The semiotic relations in the SSbD Core Ontology are inspirred by EMMO, which in turn is based on the semiotic theory by Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914).
Connects a sign (e.g. a property) to an entity (a 'referent').
standsFor
Should be one of: ssbd:tierlevel1 (ideation/design), ssbd:tierlevel2 (lab phase/development), ssbd:tierlevel3 (up-scaling/production)
Relate an entity to an SSbD tier level.
tierLevel
ideation/design
lab phase/development
up-scaling/production
The applicability of the given input is undefined.
undefined
Relates an activity to an entity that it used.
For example, :baking :used :spoon, :egg, :oven .
used
Relates an activity to an agent that had some (unspecified) responsibility for the occurence of this activity.
wasAssociatedWith
The activity is through overlapped by the agent.
Relates an entity to an agent via an activity that both the entity and agent participates to.
wasAttributedTo
Indirect relation that relates the output entity of an activity to its input entity.
wasDerivedBy
Relates an entity to the activity it was generated from.
wasGeneratedBy
A one-directional relation between an activity that affects the subject activity.
wasInformedBy